Andy Stecher

Andy Stecher
President Plasmatreat USA
Elgin, IL

Editorial February 2012

Dear Reader!

When talking to our existing customers and industry partners, and particularly our prospective clients, it appears to me that surface treatment via plasma is often still a best kept secret in manufacturing.

Plasmatreat came into existence almost 20 years ago, when the automotive industry was looking to source a better alternative to increase adhesion on a variety of polymers. Eliminating the problem of moisture ingress into car headlamps was one of the first key applications for atmospheric plasma. Plasma treatment until then was only available in a low pressure, vacuum chamber based environment. This limitation stipulated a batch style process which for many manufacturers was doable but limited productivity. Thus Openair Plasma,  offering the first atmospheric plasma solutions, was first created.  Plasmatreat has been the global leader in developing atmospheric plasma solutions for industry ever since.

Plasma is a naturally occurring phenomenon, such as lightening bolts, or the Northern Lights, in fact most of the universe is made of plasma. Here is a fascinating link that shows plasma around our globe in a time lapse video shot from the space station, orbiting the earth: http://vimeo.com/32001208?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter.

Plasmatreat invented devices (plasma jets) that harness the power of plasma and apply them to surfaces of substrates. Most common surfaces our equipment treat  are polymers, glass, ceramic, metals (particularly aluminum). This always occurs in atmospheric conditions thus can be incorporated into existing production processes without too much effort. Capex spending is very limited. The results are very clean surfaces (down to the nano level), and increased bonding strength for adhesives. The ROIs derive from lower necessary quantities of adhesives material, the utilization of a lower grade of adhesives, the possibilty for faster production speeds, and the reduction of VOCs (green technology).

However the devils lies in the detail, as always. Plasmatreat applications have been developed for a variety of markets and industries, in fact a dozen different markets, with thousands of different applications within them. So in order to enter into a quality discussion with our customers, Plasmatreat is now starting the: “PlasmaBlog”. Our market managers are offering their insight and expertise for each of their markets. We are focusing on solutions, new ideas, and insights we gained from working with this intriguing and effective technology every single day. We welcome your comments, we look forward to your questions. Challenge us!

Till next time,

Andy

 

 

Recommend
27. February, 2012 1:00
Andy Stecher

Andy Stecher
Elgin, IL

Dear Reader,
 
One of the most impressive aspect about atmospheric plasma technology is the breadth of the available applications. From Whirlpool to Boeing, from Mercedes to Siemens, the customers, markets and product applications are really quite enthralling. One of the latest technological moves that helps “pushing the envelope” in this particular industry is the seamless edge or zero bondline for furniture makers. For years furniture manufacturers have struggled finding a good, clean and efficient way to attach the edgeband to veneer furniture. Of course, in a perfect world, a final work piece of veneer based furniture such as table tops, shelf pieces or wall elements for wall units or armoirs, could rival the look of all wood furniture with the distinct advantage of even better accomodating the customers’ wishes if the wood-only look does not suffice.
The holy grail in creating top quality furniture panels is producing secure edges with seamless edges or, as some people call it, zero bondlines. In any case, after adhering the polymer based edgeband, the edge seam should not be visible. Furniture edgebands are usually are joined in edgebanding machines after a hot melt adhesive was applied to the panel. Hot melt is a messy affair. It works but clean up is no fun. Also every so often, the glue has to be replaced as sitting in the glue pot all day, it tends to get crusty and becomes less effective and less efficient.
After conclusion of this process customers will often experience glue joint darkening. Often if the edgeband is not tightly adhered to the board, moisture can penetrate and cause the particle board under the veneer to bubble up. For higher quality furniture makers this is an unacceptable product result.
 
Newer processes rely on laser technology, but integrating that can pose safety-related complications, require elaborate equipment engineering, require speciality trained staff members, tends to be very costly.  Plasmatreat instead has developed an innovative atmospheric plasma based  solution to create a seamlesss and tight sealing edge. This plasma based edge works without applying an extra adhesive in the machine. A previously applied functional polymer layer replaces the former hot melt glue. All of a sudden the glue pot is gone, the messiness has disappeared, the material costs for glue and clean-up costs are vanished and the furniture manufacturer and their customers can admire a seamless edgeband product with strong adhesion to the board.
  • The resulting joint is no longer visible with the naked eye;
  • No glue joint so it is permanently colorfast and age resistant; and
  • Highly resistant to peeling, with great thermal stability
After implementing several dozen such applications in Europe, Plasmatreat is now in  partnership with a industry leading edgeband supplier in the United States to offer this leading edge technology (no pun intended) right here in North America. 
 
Consider this cool aspect: Simple and cost-effective integration, including into existing equipment!  In contrast to laser technology, Openair Plasma can be added to existing equipment very easily and without major expense, including to existing edge gluing systems. Plasma technology is suitable for equipping or retrofitting all categories of machinery – from the manual workstation, through simple through-feed machines, to high-speed equipment and two-dimensional machining centers. The result:
  • Less expensive edge band material since no expensive laser inhibitors are required;
  • Lower investment expenses, in particular when retrofitting existing systems;
  • Lower operating costs; and
  • Simple maintenance without expensive technical staff.

Interested? Questions? Shoot me a line, would love to tell you more about it.

Till next time

Andy

Recommend
Mikki Larner

Mikki Larner
Vice President Sales & Marketing
Belmont, CA

Editorial May 2012

I lied, partially.

I said that my next talk would be a trip report (sadly, Dyana said it was overcast) and power of plasma for modification of materials for the life sciences industry.   I’m not ready to jump into specific applications, rather want to start with some of the basics to a successful surface modification program.

I’ll start with Step 1.  Q&A.

The beginning of any lab development program typically involves a thorough Q&A session.   At the minimum, I want to know:

 

1.  Substrate

2.  Product environment

3.  Desired surface performance goal

 

The success, based on my experience, of a surface modification program relies on a thorough (if possible) understanding of these three items as 1 and 2 greatly impact the 3.

For each question, there are 10s if not 100s of sub-questions that can shift outcome considerably.   I spoke about some of these recently at Hantel Technologies   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZemVc790oQ  and am summarizing a partial list of variables for each question below.

 

  1. SUBSTRATE.  Tell me about (I’m polymer focused):
    1. Resin selection/Metal properties
    2. Composite properties
    3. Manufacturing practice (molded, extruded, cast).  Are you starting with a machined part for R&D and then possibly considering molding for production.  We may talk about molecular weight distribution as well.
    4. Cure mechanism
    5. Cure temperatures
    6. Hardness (durometer)/crystallinity
    7. Topography
    8. Tacticity
    9. Additives (stabilizers, pigments, nucleating agents, plasticizers, etc)
    10. Propensity for migration of additives
    11. Propensity for molecular rotation
    12. Finishes
    13. Mold release materials
    14. Machining debris
    15. Moisture retain/absorption/adsorption
    16. Cleanliness (and how is the substrate cleaned prior to plasma)
    17. Manufacturing controls for said substrate
    18. Throughput targets

 

  1. ENVIRONMENT.  Once treated, please tell me about the next steps in processing and environment as these variables may impact surface performance and stability:
    1. See Item #1.9 above.  Bloom, migration of Internal impurities
    2. Adhesive technique (if bonding) and cure mechanism
    3. Potential for oxidation
    4. Chemical exposure
    5. Sterilization technique
    6. Subsequent assembly step (are you heat sealing?)
    7. Subsequent cleaning steps and techniques (are you IPA wiping part 100X times during assembly?)
    8. Handling (glove selection and practices)
    9. Storage (Packaging materials, Temperatures)

 

  1. SURFACE PROPERTIES.  What do you want as we have many variables to consider to provide the desired outcome.  Rather than listing the myriad of applications we practice, I’ll focus on variables that we consider in designing an experimental plan.

 

    1. Type of equipment (Corona, Atmospheric, Low Pressure)
    2. Steps and type of process (Cleaning, Etching, Activation, Functionalization, PECVD, Grafting, Crosslinking)
    3. Chemistry (gas, liquid vapor, sublimated solids, combinations).
    4.  Temperature of substrate, chamber, liquid/solid
    5. Pressure (flow driven, throttled, pumping capacity)
    6. Fixturing and fixture materials (does it contribute to dark space?)
    7. Power (continuous, pulsed, duty cycle, frequency)
    8. Time (3o seconds or 10 minutes)

BUT WAIT.  There is more!

VALIDATION TECHNIQUE/SURFACE ANALYSIS

Even the choice of how to validate the surface can impact the results.  Our chief technologist, Steve Kaplan, loves to say “don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater.”   It is not unusual for a customer to overlook the success of the process by improper selection of the validation method.  Ultimately, test the product in the ultimate application.  Techniques used and considered at our laboratories include:

 

  • Surface energy testing
  • Dyne-cm, contact angle
  • fluid choice
  • Adhesion testing
  • Wear and abrasion testing
  • Friction testing
  • Hardness testing
  • Surface analysis
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
  • AFM Atomic Force Microscopy
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
  • Chemical resistance
  • Gas permeation / vapor barrier testing

 

This list isn’t to overwhelm.   I don’t expect answers to all of these questions nor do we screen every possible combination of variables.  We know where to start if you can provide us with the basics about  1 (Substrate), 2 (Environment of use) and 3 (Desired surface performance) so that we can design efficiently and effectively the best surface for your application.

Next blog…no promises.

Recommend
17. May, 2012 1:35
Jeff Leighty

Jeff Leighty
Elgin, IL

After recently installing a Plasmatreat application in a customer’s manufacturing line his parting comment was, “Thanks. I’ll sleep better tonight.”

The worst type of adhesion problem for a manufacturing engineer or quality manager is a sporadic one. One where there is no single, clear root cause–no “smoking gun”. Maybe it only happens when the humidity in the plant is just so or the part is a little too cold or the moon is full. Or, even worse, it looks fine when you ship it but fails in the field. Too many of today’s high-tech adhesives, primers, inks and coatings have narrow operating conditions giving the production process very little wiggle room. Plasma treatment can balance that out. Sure, our systems go right in the assembly line, are very fast and extremely cost-efficient to operate but the real benefit of plasma treatment is that it can make the rest of your process more forgiving.

Sometimes we get so caught up by the art and science that is plasma treatment that we forget the best part—it works! Sweet dreams…

Recommend
Category: SOLAR
15. May, 2012 4:28
Wally Hansen

Wally Hansen
Belmont, CA

First Solar has announced a $250 million warranty charge for defective panels.  For about a year  First Solar had a “Manufacturing Excursion” that resulted in a 4%-8% field failure rate after only a couple of years of service.

First Solar has not commented on the exact nature of the “Excursion.”  Since it occurred over a period of a year and at three different  manufacturing facilities, I would not call this an “Excursion” but a misunderstanding of acceptable process tolerances or allowables.

This is especially troubling because First Solar is the largest and most successful US solar manufacturer.  They have the best equipment, the smartest  scientists and engineers, and probably the best understanding of their products.

“We thought everything was OK.  Our modeling was good.  Our in-process controls were good.  Our accelerated testing and certifications indicated no problems. We  inspected 100% of the modules. Everything is OK.” ……Followed several years later by, ”I think we may have a problem. We didn’t know,” You could hear some upset engineer or scientist say.

Solar modules are exposed to the harshest environmental conditions and are warranted to reliably produce power for decades. Solar materials, can continue to react and degrade with heat over time. Wind and structural loads mechanically stress  panels. Sealing and prevention of moisture ingression into the module is a key factor in preventing field failure. Understanding and improving environmental reliability was a manufacturing issue. Now it is a real financial issue.

I think that we can help. Plasmatreat’s Openair technology and production treatment systems have become an important tool for automated, reliable solar product manufacture.

  • Openair® Cleaning of glass and metal surfaces for reliable J-box attach, rail bonding and edge sealing
  • Openair® Activation of plastic junction boxes for critical and long-lasting potting adhesion
  • AntiCorr® Coatings for corrosion protection and adhesion promotion.

Avoid the Excursions and stay on the path.  Keep the water out and the smoke in.

As always, comments, opinions and ideas are welcome.

-Wally

Recommend
Tim Smith

Tim Smith
Vice President Operations
Ancaster, Ontario

Editorial May 2012

Hello loyal blog readers, 

I am often asked what makes Plasmatreat different than other companies selling similar equipment.

Please allow me to explain a bit about Plasmatreat as a company and the plasma equipment we produce.

Plasmatreat is the inventor of atmospheric plasma and currently holds approximately 130 international patents on the design.

Our equipment is manufactured in Germany, and I am sure you can appreciate the quality of both the engineering and manufacturing associated with this.

 Plasmatreat’s philosophy of sales is to provide our customers with a solution to their bonding challenges and not just sell a commodity.  As such, we have a full lab, accessible to our customers, in our Ancaster Ontario, Elgin Illinois and Belmont California locations.

We provide service and stock spare parts for North America from our Ancaster location so next day delivery of parts is certainly possible.  24hr service support is available 7 days a week.

 

I would like to highlight a few of the features that are included in our plasma systems.

 

Our generators constantly monitor the plasma voltage, plasma current and sir supply to the jet in order to maintain consistent process parameters.  The limits for each of these parameters is software programmable so the allowable variation in plasma output is determined by the end user.

 Although the process parameters are monitored as noted above, Plasmatreat has developed an independent method to ensure, and obtain QS9000 compliance, that plasma is actually being generated in the jet.  This is accomplished through the use of an optical focusing lens that looks directly at the plasma and this signal is sent to the generator, via a fibre optic cable, where it is monitored in real time to ensure 100% feedback that the plasma is present.

Through our control panel, the voltage, frequency and duty cycle of the plasma can be varied allowing the system to be set up for ideal processing parameters.

The incoming power supply from any customer normally has some degree of fluctuation throughout the day.  Our generators have a power regulator that ensures that the plasma voltage remains constant regardless of the incoming voltage. (95-250VAC is the allowable fluctuation with our smallest systems and 340-500VAC for our three phase systems)  Without this feature, the plasma intensity would vary with the incoming voltage affecting the treatment of the part.

All of our cables contain multiple layers of electrical shielding to ensure that no EMI is present to interfere with other sensitive electronic equipment or possible operator safety due to shock or pacemaker interference.

I have listed some of the features that set us apart from the other plasma equipment you may find on the market and I suggest you become curious as to whether these features are also available on the systems you are comparing ours to. Some of these features have safety concerns attached to them.

I feel very confident that once you have a chance to compare, you will be able to make the correct decision for your company.

Tim

 

Recommend
Category: PACKAGING
19. April, 2012 17:20
Shaun Glogauer

Shaun Glogauer
Ancaster, Ontario

Hi again,

I thought I would make this a brief but informative entry for anyone looking to improve their gluing process in the folding carton industry.   Here’s my top 5 ways to improve bonding performance:

1.   Present a perfectly clean surface to the glue applicator on your folder gluer.

2.   Activate difficult to bond substrates with a pretreatment step.

3.   Increase wettability of the substrate to be glued.

4.   Remove static charge prior to glue application – especially for full plastic cartons.

5.   Eliminate old technologies used in the past to achieve good adhesion – i.e. skiving, mechanical abrasion.

All of these improvements (and more) are possible when Openair plasma treatment is used inline on your folder gluer.

The first two entries are perhaps most important of all.   It’s common sense that a perfectly clean substrate will allow for better bonding results.   However, a clean surface is only part of the solution.   Activating that clean surface (by the addition of primarily Oxygen functional groups) is paramount to achieving good bonding results.   Without this activation, the surface will remain inert with no bonding sites available for the adhesive.   A plasma treated surface will provide these bond sites for adhesives allowing for a true chemical bond between the adhesive and substrate.

My next few entries will discuss these and other improvements in more detail.   Stay tuned!

Until next time,

Shaun.

 

Recommend
Andy Stecher

Andy Stecher
President Plasmatreat USA
Elgin, IL

Editorial

America and Canada are a truly great countries. Both regions are characterized by truly freedom loving people, both feature strong democracies despite the daily stalemates and political quabbles.  While their economies in general are powerful and have created some of the largest wealth per capita in the world, the recent 10-15 years have been marked by, in my view, myopic activities in industry: Manufacturing was given up on. With China achieving first “most favored nation status” and then later gaining access to the WTO, thus allowing for tax and duty favored imports, many manufacturing companies started to believe that they could not compete with China as well as other countries in the SE Asia region with their low wages and other low operating costs. Comprehensive new supply chain systems were set up, new operating and trading relationships were established, more and more company managers became ex-patriates. Some companies that wanted to continue producing product in North America were forced by large retailers such as WalMart to move their operations to a China location. The common crede became: Operating our production in China is the better way, there is no such future in North America.  

I disagreed from the Get-Go. I always believed that America needs manufacturing. One needs to build things to create value. Our countries cannot simply be service and consumption oriented societies. We saw what happened if when relied on the finance/banking sector alone. It created huge wealth only for a very few and when it all went wrong, we were all asked to pay the bill.

Manufacturing creates jobs at all levels, stimulates personal and professional creativity, helps shape products and processes and let us focus on the future by taking direct control. Plasmatreat works with manufacturers all over the world creating better and more productive operating environments. Here in Canada and the USA we have the potential to reclaim a top spot in the global arena of manufacturers. Designing and building product creates not only possibilities domestically but also sets the stage for successful exports. The USA in particular has been suffering from a negative trade deficit for several decades now. We need to think about reversing the flow of dollars into America not away from America. We need to support the Reindustrialization of America – we need to believe again in manufacturing. Plasmatreat together with our many industrial partners continuously are presenting ideas how to create competitive operating environments right here in North America. Our projects reach into various markets such as Solar, Medical, Packaging, Automotive and Electronics. We look foward to mastering the challenge to compete with low cost production countries, but we believe we can. Do you, too?

Till next time,

Andy

 

 

Recommend
Category: AUTOMOTIVE
23. March, 2012 17:31

When looking to introduce a coating media into a stream of plasma, one has a major decision to make; do I create an introduction system made up of mass flow controllers or hose pumps? What is the chief goal of the work the system is being built for?

Mass flow controllers seem to be the slightly more common choice. They are easily bought and integrated into a control unit, they come calibrated and there is a variety available to cover almost any chemistry you can think of. They provide precise flow rates and this is essential to fine-tuning any process and verifying it continues to run consistently. The downside is that they are limited in the scope of materials they can handle; a controller designed for an organo-silicon may quickly cog up if fed with a different liquid. You do pay a premium for the precision as well, although there are more cost-effective models available if precision is not as paramount.

Hose pump systems offer a far wider range of potential liquids and typically switching between these is as simple as switching in a different length of hose and recalibrating the pump for the new liquid. This set-up time and the physical arrangement of such a pump do make it inherently less accurate, but it is a cost effective way to provide flows over a wide range of rates for a variety of liquids.

In short, the real question to be answered is whether you want a system for exploration, or are more focused on fine-tuning a known coating chemistry. Once that is known, Plasmatreat has products available that cater to either need!

Recommend
Tim Smith

Tim Smith
Vice President Operations
Ancaster, Ontario

Editorial March 2012

I am often asked how can a company verify, in a production environment, that a part has been treated successfully with plasma?   How can they verify post-treatment surface activation?  I will answer these two questions separately as they have two very distinct answers.

Most plasma applications utilize some form of automation to treat a part and some form of fixture to hold the part in a known location while it is being treated.  These systems also run, sometimes for months at a time, without human supervision.

Let’s break down the three key parameters that will ensure that the part has been successfully treated using plasma. 

1- The Plasma

2 - The Robot Path

3 - The Part Fixture

The Plasma

As discussed in my last blog, Plasmatreat equipment has the ability to monitor the voltage, current, frequency and duty cycle of the plasma as well as the incoming and internal jet (optional) air pressure.  In addition to the control and monitoring of all of these parameters, the LCM option allows for the independent verification of the presence of plasma allowing for QS9000 rating.  If all of these feedback signals are present then it can be assured that plasma is present, with the correct operating parameters, at the plasma jet.

The Robot Path

Once a robot has been programmed with a treatment path, it cannot vary from this path without triggering some sort of error.  It is safe to assume that a robot will follow the proscribed path exactly each time and if for some reason it does not, then an error will be indicated.

The Part Fixture

A part fixture must hold the part in an exact location to ensure that the plasma jet, when being moved by the robot, will maintain a fixed and repeatable distance from the part that is to be treated.  The part fixture usually includes some form of mechanical clamping or vacuum to ensure that the part sits properly in its nest.  Through the use of proximity or optical sensors, it can be verified that the correct part is seated in the correct position within the part fixture.

With the abovementioned three parameters verified; the correct plasma, the correct robot path at the correct distance from the desired part, it can be safely assumed that the part is receiving the proper plasma pre-treatment.

Post Treatment Surface Energy Verification

The above steps ensure that the part has been successfully treated with plasma but does not verify that the plasma has been successful in raising the surface energy to the level expected.  One of the largest varibles in pre-treatment that has not been mentioned so far is the substrate itself. 

Even if you have very tight control over your resin manufacturer and supplier, there may be variations in the molded part due to molding machine parameters, mold release agents and/or the environmental conditions present at the time of molding or during part storage after molding.  If you don’t have tight control over the resin you are using then the variation in the properties of the finished part can be even more significant.

These variations due to the substrate can have a negative overall effect on the surface energy of the product before and after plasma treatment.

In order to verify that the post treatment surface energy is sufficient, the only practical method that I have seen, for use on the plant floor, is to use dyne test inks.  The frequency of this testing is usually dictated by the Quality Control department. A part is taken off of the line, its dyne level is measured and checked against the level required and, assuming that the level is sufficient, the part is usually re-introduced into the assembly line for further processing.

To recap, by verifying that the plasma treatment is correct and by further verifying that the resultant surface energy is as expected, a manufacturer can rest assured that their process is performing properly.

Tim

 

Recommend
Category: LIFE SCIENCES / SOLAR
08. March, 2012 23:25
Mikki Larner

Mikki Larner
Belmont, CA

Hello friends and followers,

I received a quick note from Andy Stecher (PTS President) plus have been following the news that a large solar storm is headed towards earth.   Anchorage Daily News reports:   http://www.adn.com/2012/03/08/2358908/biggest-solar-storm-in-years-hits.html.  Huffington Post has a nice update as well athttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/08/aurora-borealis-2012-solar-flare-storm_n_1332255.html.  In addition, I have been watching the sky in the evening on my commute home as Venus and Jupiter have been quite close to the moon the past few nights.

I still owe you all the report from Dyana’s visit toAlaska(and use of plasma for modifying devices) but this late breaking news may allow many in the northern latitudes to experience the same without a trip toAlaska.

Go out and watch the sky tonight!

Cheers, Mikki

Recommend
07. March, 2012 18:19
Jeff Leighty

Jeff Leighty
Elgin, IL

Hello again,

Last week I attended the Polymers & Plastics in Medical Applications conference in Las Vegas and what a great event it was. Not just because it was in Vegas but because it was a welcomed change from the medical mega-tradeshows. This was a small, industry-focused event where you get to meet just about everyone who attends. The two-day conference brought together device makers, raw materials suppliers, molders and a top-notch slate of speakers. Topics ranged from new substrate materials for drug delivery and bioresorbable materials to new molding techniques to antimicrobial solutions for devices and materials. One hot topic is the embrittlement of plastic materials by the overuse or misuse of cleaning/disinfection chemicals at clinics and hospitals.

In an effort to minimize the impact of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) more aggressive substances like alcohols, bleaches and QUATs (quaternary ammonium cation cleaners) are being used, alone or mixed together in cleaning “cocktails”, to disinfect medical devices. These products can react with the substrate material in the device making it brittle and unable to stand up to rough handling in the hospital setting.

So what does all this have to do with plasma?

One solution to the embrittlement problem is to alloy different plastic substrate materials together to get the best features of multiple materials and blend them together in a new way. While that may solve the embrittlement problem the new material may not  bond with adhesives, inks and coatings.  One of the conference speakers explained how every ingredient in the masterbatch has “give and take” consequences, ie: add something to reduce gas permeability and it increases rigidity or an additive to increase surface energy might decrease biocompatibility. That’s where plasma comes in. By relying on plasma for the downstream assembly issues the engineers can focus their efforts on the main problem–the embrittlement. Chances are, a quick plasma treatment of the new material will make bonding, printing and sealing the device components no problem at all. Plus, why add surface energy modifiers to the bulk material if you only need it at the surface. Plasma treatment goes only where you need it, not where you don’t and plasma will not effect the bulk properties.

The more new materials the engineers come up with the more plasma treatment will be needed for secondary assembly, coating and decorating operations on medical devices. You can bet on that!

‘Til next time…

Recommend